Crude oil pollution on germination and growth properties of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): Implications for food security

Abstract

Over the years, there has been several responses and activities to curb the issues of crude oil discharge on the environment. However, the issue of oil exploration and discharge still persist, resulting in environmental contamination and subsequently affecting agricultural activities and threats to food security. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of varying concentrations of crude oil on the germination and growth properties of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra). Varying concentrations of crude oil concentration in soil (15, 25 and 50% weight/volume) and control (water) was used for the study. The experimental design was complete randomized design (CRD) replicated three times. The results showed that 50% w/v crude oil treated soil had 19.7% germination rate while 15% w/v (73.1%), 25% w/v (51.2%) and the control (94.2%) germination. The results also showed that the higher the concentration of crude oil in the soil, the lower the plant height, with the highest value (38.7 cm) recorded for control (% treatment). The soil treated with the 50% w/v concentration recorded 3.0 in terms of number of leaves formed and 0.3 cm³ circumference. The results provide sufficient evidence that crude oil pollution significantly impacts the early stages of plant development and overall growth and productivity of okra. The germination rate and seedling emergence were notably inhibited by crude oil pollution, resulting in reduced seed viability and hindered seedling establishment. The study recommends environmental monitoring and awareness to curb the menace of crude oil on crops.